gerund and infinitive sense understanding Gerund 

Gerund is the-ing form of a verb when used as a noun. 

a) as a kind of noun. 

                                          b) as part of the verb. 

a) as a kind of noun. 

Gerund as a subject 

Learning foreign languages ​​is hard work 

Swimming is hobby 

 

Gerund as object 

Some people do not like flying 

He enjoys reading novels 

I finish writing a letter 

 

Gerund phrase as propositional 

He is good at singing 

Ths land is good for farming 

 

Gerund as complement 

My father's favorite sport is playing football 

Her hobby is telling the story 

 

Gerund as a noun modifier 

The waiting room is very large 

The reading books are on the table 

 

Gerund as prohibition 

No smoking, 

No parking, 

No swimming. 

 

b) as part of the verb. 

Because Gerund is a verb part, he can use the objects behind it. For example: 

e) Direct Object (with transitive): 

· He is clever at teaching mathematics = He is good at teaching mathematics. 

f) Indirect Object (with transitive) 

· He is clever at teaching us mathematics = He is proficient in teaching math to us. 

g) The object that will be retained in the passive voice (Retained object) 

· She is pleased at being taught mathematics = He delighted the mathematics taught to him. 

h) The object that is similar to the verb meaning itself = cognate object (with intransitive) 

· She is proud of having sung a fine song = He is proud that he has the melodious singing sing. 

i) Object reflexive (with intransitive) 

· She is in the habit of oversleeping herself = habit yourself waking up late (slept too long) 

 

The Infinitive with to 

after: the first Gagarin was the first to fly in a spaceship. 

the last Peter was the last to watch the movie. 

the next He is the next to get his passport. 

 

after: adjectives I'm happy to be here. 

It's better not to smoke. 

 

after: certain verbs 

(agree, choose, forget, hope, learn, promise, regret, want, ...) I learn to drive a car. 

 

after: question words I do not know what to say. 

Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop? 

 

after: want / would like I want you to help me. 

 

verb + object + to-infinitive I helped my dad to clean the car. 

The Infinitive without to 

after auxiliaries / modals 

He can can run very fast. 

As a boy he could could run very fast. 

may I may fly to Africa this summer. 

might I might fly to Africa this summer. 

must I must go now. 

mustn't You mustn't smoke here. 

You need not need not go. 

shall We shall sing a song. 

We should sing a song should. 

She will will cook a meal for his birthday. 

She would would cook a meal for his birthday. 

after to do 

do I do not know. 

after the following expressions: 

had better You had better clean up your room. 

Susan would rather would rather study for her exam tomorrow. 

would sooner I would sooner read a book than watch this movie. 

why not Why not ask your neighbor for help? 

why should we Why should we go by car? 

why should we not Why should we not go by car? 

after verbs of perception + object (the action has finished): 

She feels feel the rain fall on her face. 

hear I heard Peter sing a song. 

notice Mandy noticed the boy climb the tree. 

see They saw him climb up the roof. 

He watched the watch thieves steal a car. 

after let + object: 

let Sandy let her child go out alone. 

Mother let her daughter decide on her own. 

let's Let's go for a walk through the park. 

after the make + object: 

She made ​​a make Peggy and Samantha clean the room